Glossary

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

 

DSM

The diagnostic service manual commonly used in the United States of America. This manual contains the criteria doctors use to diagnose conditions such as Tourette Syndrome. The most recent version is DSM IV-TR. [see ICD]

Gene

A section of DNA that codes for one polypeptide. These polypeptides make up the bodies chemicals (eg. hormones, enzymes) and these chemicals then have an effect on the phenotype of the organism.

Genotype

The actual genetic makeup of a person. For example, if a person had one gene for Brown eyes (B) and one gene for blue eyes (b) then their genotype would be Bb.

Heterozygous

When a person has two different genes at a single locus they are said to be heterozygous.

Homozygous

When a person has two copies of the same gene at a single locus they are said to be homozygous.

ICD

'International Classification of Diagnoses' is the commonly used diagnostic aid used in Europe. [see DSM]

Locus

The position on a chromosome of a gene. For example, the GTS gene is at locus 23 on gene 11.

Phenotype

The visible signs of a gene. For example, if the genotype was BB, the phenotype would be blue eyes.

TIC

A rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic stereotyped behaviour. Can be motor (body movement), vocal, breathing, mental or sensory (although the last three do not always fit these criteria).


Some of the symptoms (tics) involved in Tourette Syndrome have specialized names as they cannot be described easily in just a few words. These names have roots in ancient Greek. The definitions are probably useful to know.

Kopros is defined as ‘excrement/ ordure of men and cattle’. Basically it means s**t. In Tourette terminology it is used in the form copro- as a prefix. This one has slipped into the English language. We all know what it means. Echo is used as a prefix in Tourette terminology. Palai means ‘hence/not long ago/just now’. It is used as the prefix pali- Laleo means ‘to talk babble’ . It is used in Tourette Syndrome descriptions in the form –lalia, and describes vocal tics. i.e. coprolalia, echolalia, and palilalia.

Praxis or ‘doing/action in drama/exhibited in actual life’. It is used to describe motor (movement) tics, and takes the form –praxia. i.e. copropraxia and echopraxia (note that palipraxia is not listed. I have never heard this term used and, in my opinion, all tics are palipraxia.)

 

Sensory tics:

AIMATO
I have used the Ancient Greek for blood, aima to, as a descriptive term for self mutilating tics.
EIDA
Eida is the Ancient Greek for see. I have used it as a way of simplifying the definition of the visual sensory tics.
DAKTYLA
Daktylos o is the root of this word.  It means finger.
GEVOMA
The Ancient Greek for taste-try is gevomai.
IKOUSA
Ikousa means hear-listen. It was chosen by me over the root akikoa because it fits more nicely into the english language.

 


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